黄金周评:金价涨幅收窄,FED鹰派誓与高通胀斗到底

现货黄金料连续第三周收高,创5月9日以来新高至1873.99美元/盎司,但升幅不到0.4%,盘中累计波动近45美元。尽管高通胀继续困扰美国经济,但美联储决策层强化鹰派倾向,就业市场表现也支持美联储不达不目的不罢休的姿态,美元指数时隔两周重新走强,限制了金价反弹势头。截至发稿,现货黄金上涨0.34%至1859.87美元/盎司;美元指数上涨0.33%至102.004。


现货黄金料连续第三周收高,创5月9日以来新高至1873.99美元/盎司,但升幅不到0.4%,盘中累计波动近45美元。尽管高通胀继续困扰美国经济,但美联储决策层强化鹰派倾向,就业市场表现也支持美联储不达不目的不罢休的姿态,美元指数时隔两周重新走强,限制了金价反弹势头。截至发稿,现货黄金上涨0.34%至1859.87美元/盎司;美元指数上涨0.33%至102.004。

5月非农向好  

  美国5月非农就业人口增加39万,高于预期的增加32.50万,前值小幅上修至43.60万;美国5月失业率持平前值3.60%,高于预期值0.1个百分点;5月平均时薪年率符合预期5.20%,低于前值5.50%。数据支持美联储强化鹰派姿态,公布后金价呈现下行态势。

 尽管美国5月民间就业岗位增幅远低于预期,暗示在利率上升和金融环境收紧的背景下,对劳动力的需求开始放缓;美联储周三发布的褐皮书报告证实,有迹象表明,劳动力供需正在显现一些放松苗头。但美国职位空缺数量仍处于显著高位,裁员人数创历史新低。这表明,随着公司争夺工人,工资将继续上涨,并导致通胀在一段时间内保持令人不安的高位。

  穆迪分析公司的高级经济学家Sophia Koropeckyj说:“职位空缺与招聘之间的巨大差距以及职位空缺与失业工人之间的巨大差距背后是劳动力市场紧张。”

  高盛经济学家在一份报告中写道:“这一差距仍接近战后美国历史上的最高水平,这表明工资增长将保持坚挺,直到劳动力供应进一步改善和职位空缺正常化使劳动力市场恢复平衡。”

  美联储鹰派轮番表态

  随着家庭储蓄不断消耗,未来消费者支出可能放缓,尤其是考虑到借贷成本上升,加上俄乌战争进一步扰乱了供应链,这引发了人们对经济衰退的担忧。但美联储官员认为,9月份暂停加息的理由不足。

  美联储理事沃勒表示:“我在每次会议上都主张加息50个基点,直到证实通胀大幅下降。在我们做到这一点之前,我认为没有停止的意义。”这突显了美联储为努力控制物价上行压力而面临的紧张形势。

  美联储副主席布雷纳德称,即使物价压力开始减弱,美联储仍有可能加息,只是幅度会减小,“现在很难看到暂停加息的理由,”要让降至美联储设定的2%目标,还有“很多工作要做”。

  克利夫兰联储主席梅斯特呼吁美联储“坚韧不拔”,“经济衰退的风险已经上升,但由于潜在总需求动能和劳动力需求如此强劲,仍然可以很好地证明,随着需求和供应更好地平衡,可以避免经济急剧放缓,增长放缓与今年的趋势步伐一致,劳动力市场状况保持健康,今年通胀率下降至4.5%-5.5%范围,明年将进一步下降。”

  花旗集团驻纽约经济学家Veronica Clark说:“劳动力需求和可用工人供应之间实现更明显的再平衡还需要一段时间。当前的不平衡表明,通胀面临进一步的上行压力,在这种支撑强劲通胀的关键力量得到缓解之前,美联储不太可能变得更加鸽派。”

  富国银行的高级经济学家Sam Bullard说:“报告继续显示出劳动力市场吃紧的迹象,再加上我们所处的高通胀环境,它进一步让美联储相信,需要继续走在大幅收紧货币政策的道路上。”

  今年以来,美联储已将政策利率累计提高了75个基点。预计在本月和7月的会议上,美联储将延续5月节奏——各加息0.5个百分点。若有任何迹象显示通胀仍将居高不下,或者表明美国民众薪资持续上升,经济表现坚挺,美联储可能会在7月后维持激进加息策略,因此大举做多黄金并不明智选项。

  Rabobank的经济学家称:“尽管我们认为,美联储重新赢得抗通胀信誉的决心有可能使美国经济明年陷入衰退,但我们预计美元将找到支撑。任何危机感都有可能提振对美元的需求,即使引发市场情绪恶化的因素是美国基本面恶化,这反映出市场情绪的脆弱本质。我们预计未来几个月外汇市场将出现高度的波动性,我们预计美元遭遇抛售将是短暂的。”

  在道明证券(TD Securities)策略师看来,金价有可能进一步下跌,美联储可能别无选择,只能坚持强硬的政策立场。因此,随着实际利率上升,投机资金可能会减少黄金多头仓位,这应该会推低金价。

  荷兰国际集团(ING)经济学家认为,利率上升应该为美元重新走强奠定基础。美国经济数据表现也将支持美联储继续加息的想法,并提供了一个长期看涨美元理由。

通胀必须被压下去

  最新民调显示,由于美国通胀率处于美联储设定的2%目标的三倍多,已经导致美国人的生活成本大幅上涨,美国总统拜登的公众支持率本周跌至36%,这是他担任总统以来的最低水平,引发人们担忧,其所在的民主党可能在11月8日中期选举中失去国会两院中至少一院的控制权。

  美国总统拜登周二(5月31日)会见了美联储主席鲍威尔,讨论美国正在经历的数十年来最严重通货膨胀。拜登保证将尊重美联储决策独立性,以在其认为合适的情况下解决通胀问题。

  Capital Group投资总监Flavio Carpenzano表示:“市场现在正在减少对通胀的关注,而更多地关注经济衰退风险,这就是我们看到市场重新定价的原因。”但Carpenzano不相信美联储可以放松立场,因为通胀率是目标水平的四倍多。

  BMO Capital Markets驻多伦多的高级经济学家Jennifer Lee表示:“我们需要看到通胀涨幅更有意义地降温,然后美联储才能喘口气。”

  尽管来自最新公布的美国个人消费支出(PCE)价格指数数据增强了人们对通胀可能已在4月份见顶的乐观情绪,但分析师越来越担心,物价将比预期更久地维持在令人不安的高位,这也将继续支撑黄金的抗通胀魅力。

  法国兴业银行策略师指出,实际利率是支撑金价上涨的关键因素,其他推动金价上涨的因素目前市场也不乏炒作,包括乌克兰战争引发的地缘风险,全球供应链进一步紊乱,加剧通胀并引发经济衰退。

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